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The U.S. Army
Camp Stanley Storage Activity
and
The CIA
Midwest Depot
Version of 2014-04-29
Summary: The U.S. Army operates an arms depot near San Antonio, Texas called the Camp
Stanley Storage Activity (CSSA). In 2011, it emerged that the CIA had a presence there. There
are some indications, though not conclusive ones, that CSSA may be the site of a facility called
Midwest Depot that the CIA has used for clandestine accumulation and dissemination of arms to
various parties from at least the early 1960s through 2001 and probably through 2010.
Comment: If the CSSA, established in 1949, has always been the cover for Midwest Depot, then
the covert facility dates to the earliest days of the CIA and, speculatively, may have been created
to provide an arms channel to resistance groups in Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and
elsewhere. See, e.g.,
The Use of Covert Paramilitary Activity as a Policy Tool: An Analysis of
Operations Conducted by the United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1949-1951
by Major D. H.
Berger, USMC (www.fas.org/irp/eprint/berger.htm)
Camp Stanley Storage Activity
Inner Cantonment
[Excerpts]
2.1 CAMP STANLEY STORAGE ACTIVITY
CSSA consists of 4,004 acres of varying terrain. The boundary of CSSA is generally rectangular with
approximately 3 miles north to south and 2 miles east to west.
Camp Stanley became part of the Red River Arsenal as CSSA in 1949. In addition to ammunitions storage, the
installation had responsibility to test and overhaul ammunition components. In 1953, approximately 2,040 acres
were transferred from Camp Bullis to CSSA. An additional 204 acres were assigned to CSSA in 1970 to bring
total acreage to its current 4,004 acres.
CSSA is a sub-installation of the U.S. Army Material Command’s Red River Army Depot (RRAD), located in
Texarkana, Texas.
The primary mission of CSSA is receipt, storage, and issuance of ordnance material as well as quality assurance
testing of military weapons and ammunition. A secondary mission, weapons training and qualifying also occurs
at CSSA.
https://www.fbo.gov
F--Environmental Program Support, Site Investigation, and Treatment Studies for Camp Stanley Storage
Activity, Boerne Texas
Solicitation Number: W9126G-XX-XXXX
Agency: Department of the Army
Office: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Location: USACE District, Fort Worth
Synopsis:
Added: Mar 01, 2010 4:07 pm Modified: Mar 03, 2010 5:34 pm
[EXCERPT]
Detailed Explanation of Specialized Tasks:
Trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) are a significant part of the remediation at Camp Stanley.
TCE and PCE containing chemicals were used at Camp Stanley primarily as a degreasing agent for metal and
electronic parts and two groundwater plumes extend off of the installation into several dozen private water wells.
The health effects from TCE differ depending on the amount of TCE to which a person is exposed and how long
the exposure lasts. TCE exposure can be associated with several adverse health effects, including neurotoxicity,
immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, endocrine effects, and several forms of
cancer. PCE is a central nervous system depressant, and PCE exposure can be associated with liver and kidney
damage. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set maximum contaminant levels for TCE and
PCE at 5 parts per billion. Camp Stanley is regulated by both US EPA (under a 1999 RCRA 3008h order
stemming from the solvent plumes) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ).
Because of the TCE contamination, several specialized skill set are required. Camp Stanley installed a large bio-
reactor remediation pilot to treat TCE contaminated groundwater in 2008. Unlike most bioreactors, this one
treats deep groundwater (as deep as 400 feet deep in fractured Edwards karst limestone). Westbay wells are also
used. Additionally, Camp Stanley uses soil vapor extraction (SVE) technology at several sites. There are also
vapor intrusion study and protection issues in buildings at Camp Stanley arising from the TCE contamination of
the groundwater.
Camp Stanley also requires expertise in SCADA, a supervisory control and data acquisition system. It is an
industrial control system: a computer system monitoring and controlling water distribution on the installation,
including water being injected into the bioreactor IAW a TCEQ Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit.
Another specialized requirement is the need to address extensive lead contamination in soils from decades of
small army range operations, which are still ongoing. Camp Stanley has used Phosphate Induced Metal
Stabilization (PIMs) to treat lead contaminated soils at many of its sites, some involving many hundred cubic
yards of soil, and intends to use PIMS at more sites in the future.
Camp Stanley also requires unexploded ordnance disposal services as part of many of its remediation sites.
While only small arms (and some grenade and rocket) use is conducted now, historically, many different
munitions had been used at Camp Stanley, such as Stokes mortars and a wide range of artillery shells. Finding 37
mm and 75 mm rounds at remediation sites is not uncommon.
Lastly, another specialized need is for all fulltime personnel and project managers to have at least a secret
security clearance. The installation stores large quantities of arms and ammunition and has sensitive missions,
thus access to the installation and security clearance requirements for long-term personnel are much more
restrictive than most military installations.
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